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|第九章|
达尔文身后之荣哀及其著作

达尔文于1831年毕业于康不里徐(Cambridge)大学,得B. A.学位。1837年由大学授以M. A.学位。至1877年,乃授以Hon.L.L.D.学位。又德国之Breslau及Bonn两大学赠以名誉医学博士学位;荷兰之Leyden大学赠以名誉医学博士学位。为英国及欧美各国学会会员,其数至多,详见其子佛朗西司(Francis Darwin)所著《达尔文传及其信札》( Life and Letters of Charles Darwin )第二册第五四四至五四七页。

达尔文终身患心脏病,然死前十年之健康状态比较略佳。此时期内痛苦较少,且工作不致停辍。其健康状态虽略佳,然精力已大减少。是可于彼1879年1月10日致沙里文(Sir James Sullivan)之信札见之,彼言:“科学工作使予困倦甚于前时,然又无他事可为。一人早死或迟死一二年,无大关系。”又1881年彼致华雷司(Wallacs)一信札言:“予等游阿勒司瓦特(Ullswater)五星期,今方还家;其风景极美媚,惟予不能步行,任何事皆使予倦,即观览风景亦,……予余生将作何事,颇难明告。凡事皆使予愉快且满足惟生活已甚厌倦矣。”然彼仍能为许多工作,1881年之秋季,且试验炭酸铔对植物根与叶所起作用,惟此年之末已甚衰颓须休息;既入冬季,健康尤较平常不良。

1882年2月末3月初,心脏时起急痛,脉搏不匀,每日午后皆如是。3月7日散步离家不远,遇急痛归,是为彼至所爱“沙路”(sand walk)之最后一次。入4月后尤起急变。4月15日方坐而晚餐,或头眩晕去。17日虽略佳,18夜间又遇急痛晕去,良久乃苏。彼已自知死期之近,云:“予决不畏死。”彼死于1882年4月19日午后四点钟,享年七十四。

达尔文死后第二日,由英国众议院议员二十人拉布克(John Lubbock)领衔请于威司明司特教堂(Westminster Abbey)主教,许葬其遗骨于此。其家人本欲葬达尔文于窦恩(Down)自此不能不循拉布克(Lubbock)之请,谓由国民视点言,不能不葬于威司明司特(Westminster),于4月26日举行葬仪,执绋者为下列十人:

拉布克(Sir John Lubbck)

赫胥黎(Huxley)

罗威勒(James Russell Lowell)英国公使

华雷司(Wallace)

德俸塞侯(The Duke of Devonshire)

法拉主教(Canon Farrar)

虎克(Sir J.D.Hooker)

司坡蒂司·伍德(Wm.Spottis woode)英国国家学会主席

德比公(The Earl of Derby)

阿几尔侯(The Duke of Argyll)

达尔文坟墓今在威司明司特(Westminster),离牛敦(Sir Isaac Newton)坟墓仅数英尺之远,墓文如下:

Charles Robert Darwin, Born 12 February, 1809. Died 19 April, 1882

达尔文所著书共二十二种,今列表如下:

1. Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of Her Majesty's Ship Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe, Vol.III, Journal and Remarks, 1832-1836.

2. Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the countries visited during the Voyage of H.U.S.Beagle round the World, 1845.

3. A Naturalist. Voyage, Journal of Researches &c.,1800.

4. Zoölogy of the Voyage of H.U.S.Beagle, edited and superintended by Charles Darwin.

Part I. Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen, 1840.

Part II. Mammalia, by George R.Waterhouse, 1839.

Part III. Birds, by john Gould, 1841.

Part IV. Fish, by Rev.Leonard Jenyns, 1842.

Parv V. Reptiles, by Thomas Bell, 1843.

5. The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, 1842.

6. Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.U.S.Beagle, 1844.

7. Geological Observations on South America, 1846.

按:以上二书于1876年再版,名Geological Observations on the Volcanic Island and parts of South America visited durmg the Voyage of H.U.S.Beagle.

8. A Monograph of the Fossil Lepadidæ; or Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain, 1851.

9. A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the Species, The Lepadidæ; of Pedunculated Cirripcdes, 1851.

10. The Balanidæ; or Sessile Cirripedes; the Verrucidæ &c., 1854.

11. A Monograph of the Fossij Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of Great Britain, 1854.

12. On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 1859, sixth edition, 1872.

此书经予于民国九年译成中文,名《物种原始》,于上海中华书局出版。

13. On the various contrivances by which Orchids are fertilized by Insects, 1862, second edition, 1877.

14. The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants, second edition, 1875.

15. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, 2 vols. 1868, second. edition, 1875.

16. The Descent of Man and Solection in Relation to Sex, 1871, second edition, 1874.

此书经予于民国十九年译成中文,名《人类原始》,于上海商务书馆出版。

17. The Expression of the Emotion in Man and Animals, 1872.

18. Insectivorous Plant, 1875.

19. Ehe Tffects of Cross and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kindom, 1876, second edition, 1878.

20. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species, 1877, second edition, 1880.

21. The Power of Movement in Plants, Assisted by Francis Darwin, 1880.

22. The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits, 1881.

此外他人所著书有达尔文序及一部分著作者,及诸杂志之载有其所著论文者,其数甚多,详见其子佛朗西司(Francis Darwin)所著《达尔文传及其信札》( Life and Letters of Charles Darwin )第二册自第535至541页,兹不备载。

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